@article{oai:soar-ir.repo.nii.ac.jp:00010259,
 author = {Ikeda,  Masato and Miyamoto,  Aya and Mutoh,  Sumire and Kitano,  Yuko and Tajima,  Mei and Shirakura,  Daisuke and Takasaki,  Manami and Mitsuhashi,  Satoshi and Takeno,  Seiki},
 issue = {15},
 journal = {APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY},
 month = {Aug},
 note = {To develop the infrastructure for biotin production through naturally biotin-auxotrophic Corynebacterium glutamicum, we attempted to engineer the organism into a biotin prototroph and a biotin hyperauxotroph. To confer biotin prototrophy on the organism, the cotranscribed bioBF genes of Escherichia coli were introduced into the C. glutamicum genome, which originally lacked the bioF gene. The resulting strain still required biotin for growth, but it could be replaced by exogenous pimelic acid, a source of the biotin precursor pimelate thioester linked to either coenzyme A (CoA) or acyl carrier protein (ACP). To bridge the gap between the pimelate thioester and its dedicated precursor acyl-CoA (or -ACP), the bioI gene of Bacillus subtilis, which encoded a P450 protein that cleaves a carbon-carbon bond of an acyl-ACP to generate pimeloyl-ACP, was further expressed in the engineered strain by using a plasmid system. This resulted in a biotin prototroph that is capable of the de novo synthesis of biotin. On the other hand, the bioY gene responsible for biotin uptake was disrupted in wild-type C. glutamicum. Whereas the wildtype strain required approximately 1 mu g of biotin per liter for normal growth, the bioY disruptant (Delta bioY) required approximately 1 mg of biotin per liter, almost 3 orders of magnitude higher than the wild-type level. The Delta bioY strain showed a similar high requirement for the precursor dethiobiotin, a substrate for bioB-encoded biotin synthase. To eliminate the dependency on dethiobiotin, the bioB gene was further disrupted in both the wild-type strain and the Delta bioY strain. By selectively using the resulting two strains (Delta bioB and Delta bioBY) as indicator strains, we developed a practical biotin bioassay system that can quantify biotin in the seven-digit range, from approximately 0.1 mu g to 1 g per liter. This bioassay proved that the engineered biotin prototroph of C. glutamicum produced biotin directly from glucose, albeit at a marginally detectable level (approximately 0.3 mu g per liter)., Article, APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY. 79(15):4586-4594 (2013)},
 pages = {4586--4594},
 title = {Development of Biotin-Prototrophic and -Hyperauxotrophic Corynebacterium glutamicum Strains},
 volume = {79},
 year = {2013}
}