@article{oai:soar-ir.repo.nii.ac.jp:00010913, author = {TAKAHASHI, Toshiaki}, issue = {3}, journal = {信州大学農学部紀要}, month = {Dec}, note = {This study was carried out from 1957 to 1961 to thoroughly investigate how the coloration of tomato fruits is influenced by environmental condition and cultivating method, using 28 varieties at the Agricultural Faculty, Shinshu University. In addition, reserches on growth of plant and quality of fruits were made. 1. In analyzing pigments, the column chromatographic method was used, in which calcium carbonate and active aluminium oxide were used as adsorbents, and aceton, petroleum benzine and ethyl ether as solvents. 2. In determining the concentrations of pigments in the extracts, the extinction coefficients were measured for chlorophyll, xanthophyll, carotene and lycopene with wave length 660, 440, 448 and 470 mo respectively, using the 1 cm cell of BECKMANN DU spectrophotometer. The concentration of each pigment was estimated from the extinction coefficient obtained by means of the standard calibrated curve. 3. Chlorophyll, carotene and xanthophyll were detected in young fruits already five days after flowering, but these pigments decreased with the fruit growth. About 45 days after flowering, chlorophyll could no longer be detected. On the other hand, carotene and xanthophyll increased as chlorophyll disappeared and fruits matured. Lycopene was not present in fruits until 40 days after flowering, but appeared at the time of disappearance of chlorophyll and increased rapidly thereafter. Chlorophyll content was high in younger fruits, and carotene, lycopene and xanthophyll contents were high in mature fruits. 4. Among the 28 varieties, it was observed that the number of flowers increased in flower clusters of higher positions, but the setting rate of their fruits decreased. Accordingly, the coefficient of fruit set decreased in higher flower clusters. Varieties Shugyoku, Ponderosa and Aichi-tomato had more flowers than the others. Variety Shugyoku showed the highest fruit setting among the varieties observed, and its coefficient of fruit set for the first three flower clusters was 97.5 per cent. 5. Lycopene content was higher in Kikyoiku-Ichigo, Kiyosu-Nigo, and Furuyawase in 1958 and in Oogata-Akafuku and Oogata-Fukuju in 1959 than in the other varieties. Lycopene contents of varieties in 1959 were higher than those in 1958, while there were no difference in carotene and xanthophyll contents between the fruits produced in both years. 6. Chlorophyll, carotene and xanthophyll contents in exposed fruits were much higher than in shaded ones. Lycopene content from 40 days to 55 days after flowering was slightly higher in exposed fruits than in shaded ones, but that in fruits 60 days after flowering was much higher in shaded fruits than in exposed ones. 7. Young and mature exposed fruits were cut into upper and lower halves. Chlorophyll, carotene, xanthophyll and sugar contents in young fruits, and carotene and xanthophyll contents in mature fruits were much higher in the lower half than in the upper half, but in mature fruits, lycopene and sugar contents of the upper half were higher than in the lower half. 8. Immature and mature exposed fruits were divided into exposed and shaded sides. Chlorophyll, carotene and xanthophyll contents of immature fruits, and carotene and xanthophyll contents of mature fruits were much higher in the exposed side than in the shaded side, but lycopene content in mature fruits was higher in the shaded side than in the exposed side. 9. Microscopical observation on chlomoplasts revealed many yellow granular masses in the flesh of the outer part of the fruits and needle-shaped pink crystals of lycopene in the flesh cells of the flower-end and the core of the fruit. Especially, flesh of the core had the largest amount of lycopene. 10. Fruits covered with white vinyl bag had the largest amounts of chlorophyll, carotene, lycopene and xanthophyll among fruits covered with vinyl bags of various colors. Fruits covered with black vinyl bag had the smallest amount. 11. As for pigment contents, phosphorus deficient fruits contained less lycopene, carotene and xanthophyll, but nitrogen deficient fruits contained more lycopene than control fruits. 12. Fruits stored at 22℃ contained more, and those stored at 15℃ contained less, lycopene than those stored at other temperatures. 13. Lycopene content in fruits stored at 35℃ was small, but fruits subsequently stored at room temperature produced lycopene. 14. The respiration rate of fruits decreased from immature stage to green mature stage and increased from green mature stage to mature stage. The climacteric peak of respiration rate appeared when the whole fruit was colored and the respiration rate was decreased thereafter. 15. The pigment contents in fruits stored in carbon di-oxide were lower than those of fruits stored in oxygen., Article, 信州大学農学部紀要 3(3): 223-292(1964)}, pages = {223--292}, title = {STUDIES ON THE COLORATION OF TOMATO FRUITS}, volume = {3}, year = {1964} }