{"created":"2021-03-01T06:13:59.827546+00:00","id":11107,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"3b4cb873-4e57-4986-93c6-4a0ad761e9b6"},"_deposit":{"id":"11107","owners":[],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"11107"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:soar-ir.repo.nii.ac.jp:00011107","sets":["1016:1018:1084:1085"]},"author_link":["34883"],"control_number":"11107","item_10_biblio_info_6":{"attribute_name":"書誌情報","attribute_value_mlt":[{"bibliographicIssueDates":{"bibliographicIssueDate":"1958-03-25","bibliographicIssueDateType":"Issued"},"bibliographicIssueNumber":"8","bibliographicPageEnd":"92","bibliographicPageStart":"59","bibliographic_titles":[{"bibliographic_title":"信州大學農學部紀要"}]}]},"item_10_description_20":{"attribute_name":"抄録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"This is a survey about the occurence of the twisting fibre inward tree trunks. Being called his attention by a electric pole in Ina city, showing rather distinct twist (Photo. 1), the author have had a chance to investigate various instances of spiral forms displayed among many tree species and through the parts and portions of trunks or boles. Following after works done by a few authorities (A. Braun, R. Hartig, H. G. Champion, H. Burger, R. D. Preston), the author published several papers about this problem excluding any microscopic study from the year of 1951. He began his work by his own way to record the phenomenon well to mention \"spliting methode\". The angle of twist θ of materials will be measured (Fig. 2) by the following fomula. θ=tan{ 1l/h Besides, a simple tool was deviced to estimate the degree of twist at the surface of timbers which show directions of fibres with crackings as a result of seasoning (Photo. 5.,6). 1. The spliting curves at the larger end are classified (Fig. 2, 3). If an \"Umdrehung\" or \"Nezire kaesi\" after the term of timber men in Japan, takes place at the α th annual rings, β a number of rings to the next, and ω a number from the last to the bark, then the expression of the type of twist may be S or ZN (α, β......., ω) h, where h is the height from the ground. Now Champion quoted that Braun had established the fact conifers in europe show S (left-handed) twist at first and the following Z (right-handed) twist in their macroscopic features (Fig. 1). This is almost true in their countries because of the absence of Z twist species, which really not rare in Japan. If any one says Z twist is only common in large and overmatured trees, the matter is quite different in this country. Z twist species change their direction of fibres as S twist species do. an \"Umprehung\" occures in both groups of tress quite same manner, and if they are to be named after S or Z species, they may be called from the features of early days. Back to the expression S or ZN (α, β ... ω) h, N is the order of type. The value and the count of greek letters α, β, ... ω, differ in some range not only in a given tree species but also among any 2 species. The phenomenon occurs nothing but symmetrical in both groups of the twist. Orders about one and same section of a material may differ as the position of a spliting radius differs. A curve may show SIII (25), and the other SV (20.5). This means there is a chance to get a opposite direction of the twist in a given portion of a trunk, and it is quite rational that the type as p can exist, showing different original direction of the twist in one section of a material now testing. Type m and n are special cases of SI and ZI ; Type q and r something of o and p. As the lower orders of types concern, the rule found in 1951 may hold true as before, but the matter is to be confused with an \"Umdrehung\". As for the types and the process of S and Z twist transforms, both are almost symmetrrical in their forms (Fig.4). 2. Many samples, conifers and hardwoods, show angles of twist ±3° or more most frequently. On the other hand we can not deny the fact that there are some extream cases of ±45° or more. Generally speaking, particularly in wood technology, the phenomenon has used to deal with as an abnormal condition or a disease. The author declines to look upon it as a physiological one with R. D. Preston of England, whose opinion must be quoted in the next papers. At the same time, the extream cases may be the results of increased tendency of some unkown internal force. It seems especially important to consider those 2 cases separately as we investigate the question. If the angles of twist ±3° are to be treated as the twist, there are no doubt almost all trees have a spiral structure. Even 0 the type of the straight grain, may be understand only the aspect resulting by a balance of wood elements tilting two opposite directions. 3. By the courtersy of several institutes or the commision, the timbers from the South hemisphere are studied. Obviously Z twist species abundant in the South than the North. The author by no means assert that the S twist species originated in the North hemispher, and Z the South. But the increasing tendency of the Z twist to the South is evident. The author doubt the right-and-lefthandedness of the twist in tree truncks would have a geographical meaning. 4. Examining Table 1 to 4, we find the fact those S and Z twists do not occur systematically and classificatory in the tree world ; not a family studied containing a same direction of the twist, and a genus often contains both twist. Sambcus and many other species even show both twists from the beginning. Higher the order the more the irregulality. There are such tree species in tree world from the point of the twist as follows : - a) Begin with S twist, end with S. (Juniperus)b) Begin with Z twist, end with Z. (Punica) c) Begin with S twist, thereafter Z. (Abies, etc.) d) Begin with Z twist, thereafter S. (Thujopsis, etc. e) Begin with O, end with S. (Prunus, etc.) f) Begin with O, end with Z. (Quercus, etc. ) g) Begin with O, end with S or Z. (Chamaecyparis) h) S or Z from the beginning. (Sambcus, etc. ) Those are the majority of the aspects to be met with. Once in 1953, the author asserted the \"Dualistic theory\" about the twisted fibre in trees. He want to regard the spiral habit and right-and-lefthandedness as independent factors ruling the anatomical structure of tree trunks. Parhaps it will be faithfull to the question to investigate those 2 foundamental properties along their respectable courses.","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"}]},"item_10_description_30":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ（コンテンツの種類）","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"Article","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_10_description_5":{"attribute_name":"引用","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"信州大學農學部紀要 (8): 59-92(1958)","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_10_publisher_4":{"attribute_name":"出版者","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"信州大學農學部"}]},"item_10_source_id_35":{"attribute_name":"ISSN","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"0583-0621","subitem_source_identifier_type":"ISSN"}]},"item_10_source_id_40":{"attribute_name":"書誌レコードID","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"AN00121352","subitem_source_identifier_type":"NCID"}]},"item_1627890569677":{"attribute_name":"出版タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_version_resource":"http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85","subitem_version_type":"VoR"}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"著者","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"大倉,  精二"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{}]}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"ファイル情報","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2015-09-25"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"Agriculture08-03.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"5.8 MB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_note","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"Agriculture08-03.pdf","url":"https://soar-ir.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/11107/files/Agriculture08-03.pdf"},"version_id":"d40f11ee-1237-4f98-a8f8-f1c178f24eff"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"jpn"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"departmental bulletin paper","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]},"item_title":"樹幹における繊維回旋の現われ方","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"樹幹における繊維回旋の現われ方","subitem_title_language":"ja"},{"subitem_title":"On the macroscopic features of twisted fiber in trees","subitem_title_language":"en"}]},"item_type_id":"10","owner":"1","path":["1085"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"PubDate","attribute_value":"2009-03-03"},"publish_date":"2009-03-03","publish_status":"0","recid":"11107","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["樹幹における繊維回旋の現われ方"],"weko_creator_id":"1","weko_shared_id":-1},"updated":"2022-12-14T03:59:00.548613+00:00"}