@article{oai:soar-ir.repo.nii.ac.jp:00011239,
 author = {有木,  純善},
 journal = {信州大学農学部演習林報告},
 month = {Oct},
 note = {Yakihata-Ringyo, a combination system of swidden-cultivation and afforestation, belongs to agroforestry of Taungya type and it is a typical form of agroforestry in Japan. Yakihata-Ringyo has been formed and developed as a rational land use system in agriculturally marginal land in Japan. After World War II, Yakihata-Ringyo disappeared in many of Yakihata-Ringyo areas in Japan, however in the case of Sanpoku-cho in Niigata Prefecture Yakihata-Ringyo has been continuing to present time in spite of a temporary decline around 1960. In this paper, I aimed to analyse the reason why Yakihata-Ringyo in Sanpoku-cho has been continuing to present time. The conclusion is as follows: In present-day Sanpoku-cho, the socio-economic conditions necessary for the existence of Yakihata-Ringyo are 1) a realization of exclusive large and middle scale possession in forestland, 2) the reverse side of the first, a formation of the lower-class people who have scarcely forestland, though they are not destitute of food because they possess some arable land and they can also obtain wage income, 3) the lower-class male people are almost drawn to the fields of industry and the population in rural areas decrease due to an enlarged industrial labour market, and farm women remaining at home will to swidden-cultivate for a cash income with a commodity crop, 4) an establishment of distribution market of such commodity crop, 5) and lastly, a willingness and initiative for afforestation on the side of large and middle scale forest owners. These conditions as a whole are deemed contributing now to a realization of Yakihata-Ringyo, in which the lower-class farm women cultivate for a cash income in forests possessed by large and middle scale owners who are willing to afforest them in an economical way., Article, 信州大学農学部演習林報告 23: 119-132(1986)},
 pages = {119--132},
 title = {新潟県山北町における焼畑林業の存立条件 : 社会経済的側面より},
 volume = {23},
 year = {1986}
}