@article{oai:soar-ir.repo.nii.ac.jp:00013402, author = {Zhang, Li and Hashimoto, Yoshio and Taishi, Toshinori and Nakamura, Isao and Ni, Qing-Qing}, issue = {15}, journal = {APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE}, month = {May}, note = {A novel flower-shaped Bi(2)O(3) superstructure has been successfully synthesized by calcination of the precursor, which was prepared via a citric acid assisted hydrothermal process. The precursor and Bi(2)O(3) were characterized with respect to morphology, crystal structure and elemental chemical state by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was shown that both the precursor and Bi(2)O(3) flower-shaped superstructure were constructed of numerous nanosheets while the nanosheets consisted of a great deal of nanoparticles. Furthermore, key factors for the formation of the superstructures have been proposed; a mechanism for the growth of the superstructure has been presented based on the FESEM investigation of different growth stages., Article, APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE. 257(15):6577-6582 (2011)}, pages = {6577--6582}, title = {Fabrication of flower-shaped Bi(2)O(3) superstructure by a facile template-free process}, volume = {257}, year = {2011} }