@article{oai:soar-ir.repo.nii.ac.jp:00017380,
 author = {三喜田,  熊蔵},
 journal = {信州大学文理学部紀要},
 month = {Dec},
 note = {The early German dwellings existed in three forms. Namely, Single homesteads (Einzelhöfe) and group of some single homesteads (Weiler) and villages (Dörfer). A. Meitzen adovocated that single homestead settlements was of celtic origin, and that villages were forced unions of single homesteads organized into one whole by the victorious Germans, each having a Mark-association constitution. A. Dopsch opposed Meitzen's opinion asserting that German village was constituted on individual ownership of the free landowners with independent rights of disposal. I think that these three kinds of the early German dwellings were all of German origin, and the difference of the form depended upon the variety of their geographical positions. If the lands, into which Germans invaded, were flat, they formed villages. But if the land was mountainous and it was impossible to form village on it, they settled in single-homesteads or weiler. So in mountainous Bavaria and Thuringia their settlements were generally in the form of single-homesteads. And of these villages also there were three kinds-farm-villages (Gewanndorfer), Round-villages (Rundlinge) and street-villages (Strassendorfer). Gewanndorfer, the earliest type of German dwellings, Spread from the urgerman lands to their Roman lands. Rundlinge developed in east German district as well as in Austria. Strassendorfer developed in the lands colonized in the later middle age. When such individual ownership developed, there were waste lands, forests and pastures in common possession and in common use. Such a communal lands were called "Allmende" in old German tongue. The process of bringing the Allmende under cultivation and individual ownership has continued from the early days to the present., Article, 信州大学文理学部紀要 5: 1-9(1955)},
 pages = {1--9},
 title = {原始ゲルマン民族の居住形態に就いて},
 volume = {5},
 year = {1955}
}