{"_buckets": {"deposit": "fd7a983c-71de-4b73-aab5-7b9c0c6af049"}, "_deposit": {"id": "1018", "owners": [], "pid": {"revision_id": 0, "type": "depid", "value": "1018"}, "status": "published"}, "_oai": {"id": "oai:soar-ir.repo.nii.ac.jp:00001018"}, "item_10_alternative_title_1": {"attribute_name": "\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\uff08\u5225\u8a00\u8a9e\u7b49\uff09\u306e\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_alternative_title": "Middle Voice in the Old Germanic Languages and its Development"}]}, "item_10_biblio_info_6": {"attribute_name": "\u66f8\u8a8c\u60c5\u5831", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"bibliographicIssueDates": {"bibliographicIssueDate": "1990-03-15", "bibliographicIssueDateType": "Issued"}, "bibliographicPageEnd": "104", "bibliographicPageStart": "91", "bibliographicVolumeNumber": "24", "bibliographic_titles": [{"bibliographic_title": "\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u8ad6\u96c6"}]}]}, "item_10_description_20": {"attribute_name": "\u6284\u9332", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_description": "In the Old Germanic languges there are a number of strong verbs which do not belong to those of the normal type. It is a well known fact that the Old Germanic verbal system consists of the two main groups, that is, the strong and the weak verbal constructions. In principle, the former group is characterized by the vowel gradation (Ablaut) of the verbal stem, whereas most of the latter group are derivatives from the other word classes by means of different derivative suffixes. However in practice there are some exceptions to this rule. Some Old Germanic strong verbs have at once the vowel gradation typical of the strong verbs and the stem-formative element which is characteristic of the weak verbs as well. Some examples of these verbs are sitjan (sit), ligjan (lie) and bidjan (bid), and apparently they all have the stem-formative element -ja- in common, which belongs generally to one of the weak verb derivative suffixes. The purpose of the persent paper is to throw a light upon the original semantic function of this formative and the reason why the formative -ja- has been unextinguished only in these few verbs. Wackernagel explains that the Indoeuropean language had originally the two voices, active and middle, and that in classic Greek the use of the Indoeuropean middle voice was well preserved. Generally speaking, the middle voice exprsses the movement and action which starts from the sentence-subject and goes back again to itself. But this very wide conceptionally orientated explanation does not suffice for the explanation of the particular detailed distinction of the use and function of the middle voice. That is why Wackernagel devides the principal use of the middle voice into five semantic functions. According to his explanation, one of these functions consists in the expression of the special condition that the subject acts, only for itself, not for the other. These Old Germanic strong verbs with the formative -ja- are traceable to the means to express the Indoeuropean middle voice. For example compare the Germanic verbs sitjan and ligjan with Greek medium tantum uai (I sit) and keiuai (3e). The functions of the middle voice correspond mainly to those of the dative reflexive pronoun. That is the reason why the above-mentioned exceptional Old Germanic strong verbs with the formative -ja- are often accompanied by a dative reflexive form. This rule can also be applied to some other strong verbs with the formative and to some very common intransitive verbs expressing departure or arrival. In the course of the further historical development the role which was formerly performed by the middle voice has been transmitted to the assignment of the dative reflexive form so much the more, as the middle voice has disappeared gradually from the morphological and functional levels.", "subitem_description_type": "Abstract"}]}, "item_10_description_30": {"attribute_name": "\u8cc7\u6e90\u30bf\u30a4\u30d7\uff08\u30b3\u30f3\u30c6\u30f3\u30c4\u306e\u7a2e\u985e\uff09", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_description": "Article", "subitem_description_type": "Other"}]}, "item_10_description_31": {"attribute_name": "\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30de\u30c3\u30c8\uff1amime\u30bf\u30a4\u30d7", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_description": "application/pdf", "subitem_description_type": "Other"}]}, "item_10_description_5": {"attribute_name": "\u5f15\u7528", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_description": "\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u8ad6\u96c6 24: 91-104 (1990)", "subitem_description_type": "Other"}]}, "item_10_publisher_4": {"attribute_name": "\u51fa\u7248\u8005", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_publisher": "\u4fe1\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u90e8"}]}, "item_10_select_64": {"attribute_name": "\u8457\u8005\u7248\u30d5\u30e9\u30b0", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_select_item": "publisher"}]}, "item_10_source_id_35": {"attribute_name": "ISSN", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_source_identifier": "0288-0555", "subitem_source_identifier_type": "ISSN"}]}, "item_10_source_id_39": {"attribute_name": "NII ISSN", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_source_identifier": "0288-0555", "subitem_source_identifier_type": "ISSN"}]}, "item_10_source_id_40": {"attribute_name": "\u66f8\u8a8c\u30ec\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9ID", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_source_identifier": "AN0012272X", "subitem_source_identifier_type": "NCID"}]}, "item_10_text_66": {"attribute_name": "sortkey", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_text_value": "09"}]}, "item_creator": {"attribute_name": "\u8457\u8005", "attribute_type": "creator", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"creatorNames": [{"creatorName": "\u624b\u5d8b,  \u7af9\u53f8"}], "nameIdentifiers": [{"nameIdentifier": "1725", "nameIdentifierScheme": "WEKO"}]}]}, "item_files": {"attribute_name": "\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u60c5\u5831", "attribute_type": "file", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"accessrole": "open_date", "date": [{"dateType": "Available", "dateValue": "2015-09-18"}], "displaytype": "detail", "download_preview_message": "", "file_order": 0, "filename": "Humanities_24-09.pdf", "filesize": [{"value": "732.1 kB"}], "format": "application/pdf", "future_date_message": "", "is_thumbnail": false, "licensetype": "license_free", "mimetype": "application/pdf", "size": 732100.0, "url": {"label": "Humanities_24-09.pdf", "url": "https://soar-ir.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/1018/files/Humanities_24-09.pdf"}, "version_id": "1d2145dc-7b1a-451e-9ec8-e7cc783a70e7"}]}, "item_language": {"attribute_name": "\u8a00\u8a9e", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_language": "jpn"}]}, "item_resource_type": {"attribute_name": "\u8cc7\u6e90\u30bf\u30a4\u30d7", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"resourcetype": "departmental bulletin paper", "resourceuri": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]}, "item_title": "\u53e4\u4ee3\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e\u306eMedium\u8868\u73fe\u306e\u6b8b\u7167\u3068\u5909\u9077", "item_titles": {"attribute_name": "\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_title": "\u53e4\u4ee3\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e\u306eMedium\u8868\u73fe\u306e\u6b8b\u7167\u3068\u5909\u9077"}]}, "item_type_id": "10", "owner": "1", "path": ["40/42/84/90"], "permalink_uri": "http://hdl.handle.net/10091/11708", "pubdate": {"attribute_name": "\u516c\u958b\u65e5", "attribute_name_i18n": "\u516c\u958b\u65e5", "attribute_value": "2011-02-14"}, "publish_date": "2011-02-14", "publish_status": "0", "recid": "1018", "relation": {}, "relation_version_is_last": true, "title": ["\u53e4\u4ee3\u30b2\u30eb\u30de\u30f3\u8a9e\u306eMedium\u8868\u73fe\u306e\u6b8b\u7167\u3068\u5909\u9077"], "weko_shared_id": null}